Brain memory loss can be categorized into two main groups. One is the non-reversible, which is mainly due to old age and the other is a group of reversible causes.
Non reversible cause
Age
Memory loss occurs in old age because of several inevitable factors including those related with the process of growth. This is because there is reduction in production of the hormones that protect, repair brain cells together with those that stimulate neural growth. A second reason for memory loss at this age is caused by a decline in blood flowing into the brain, therefore, affecting memory and cognitive skills.
Reversible causes
These are causes influenced by an individual’s all-round factors in life, including health, surroundings and lifestyle. As the name suggests, it is therefore important for one to keep these factors under check to keep the memory loss at bay. This is because sometimes unrecognizable memory loss can lead to an irreversible state of mind. Here are some:
Vitamin B12 check here deficiency and Side effects of medication: Vitamin B12 is responsible for protection of the neurons, hence, the core of brain functioning in a proper way. Lack of it may lead to a dangerous situation and even the brain can be damaged permanently.
However, if this problem of deficiency in B12 is addressed early during growth, it is possible to reverse the situation of memory loss. To solve Vitamin B12 deficiency, monthly injections are available. In addition, it is important when one is taking any prescribed medication, to stick to the physician’s or doctor’s advice.
Violation of the given guidelines leads to either overdose or taking the wrong combinations and consequently, side effects such as memory loss and cognitive problems this website arise. Drugs such as sleeping pills, painkillers, antihistamines, anti-anxiety meds and blood are just but a few examples of the drugs that can affect on when taken in overdose or wrong combination.
Dehydration. Dehydration is lack of enough water in the body systems. This condition causes, among other effects, loss of memory and other denentiatic factors. It is, therefore, important for one to drink enough water at an average of at least 8 glasses per day.
In particular, older people and other people suffering from other ailments such as diabetes, diarrhea should strictly take as much water as possible.
Depression. Depression makes a person lose interest and concentration. It is possible for an adult to self examine him/herself for memory loss diagnosis. Such experiences like forgetting a serious medical appointment, loss of a close person and other major happenings point out to such problems.
Alcohol abuse. check here Alcohol abuse, just like drug overdose is harmful to the brain and may lead to brain loss. Continuous abuse of alcohol leads to severe cases like dementia. Those who drink and smoke are in a risk to face more serious state. In fact, doctors advise that alcohol intake should be limited to a minimum of two drinks per day or eliminated completely.
Thyroid problems. Metabolism rate is controlled by the thyroid gland. Higher metabolic rate than normal leads to a person experiencing confusion and slower metabolism leads to depression and sluggishness.
All these problems mentioned above caused loss of brain memory and concentration.

In my opinion, pushups are the single wwe supercard hack 2017 most effective exercise for improving total body fitness. They offer the benefits of weight lifting, stretching and cardio vascular training all in one exercise. For a beginner, pushups can be very difficult because of how many muscles are involved. Many of which are under trained in the body of a beginner. In fact, even many seasoned bench press veterans have trouble doing high-rep pushup workouts because their secondary and stabilizer muscles are untrained.

Holding the proper form is a great exercise alone, without even performing any repetitions. The pushup form benefits the abdominal muscles in the same way that Arnold Presses benefit the biceps, by simultaneously flexing and stretching. blitz brigade hack When the lower back muscles contract to stabilize your form, your abdominal muscles are inadvertently stretched. The quadriceps is also relied on heavily to maintain proper form, giving your legs a decent secondary workout.

The actual motion of a pushup trains the chest, triceps and the anterior deltoids, while stretching the biceps and back. Pushups are considered by many people to be the best all-around chest workout. I have found that they are great at increasing muscle size and tone. I have also found that they are easier on the joints than the bench press. Additionally, large pushup workouts are great for circulation and overall cardiovascular health.

When performed in high-repetition workouts, pushups can increase human growth hormone, boosting overall muscle growth. This is the hidden benefit of pushups that many people never discover because they only perform pushups as a supplemental exercise, rather than as a primary chest workout. My article entitled, “Do Pushups to Build Muscle Mass and Boost Metabolism,” details how to build up your strength and endurance to completing a 1000-pushup routine. If you plan www.simcitybuilditcheatz.com/simcitybuildithack/ to use pushups as a primary chest exercise, then I encourage you to perform a lot of sets and reps, and set a goal of completing between 500 and 1000 pushups. Pushups are much more challenging and painful than a standard bench press, but if you commit yourself to them, you can have amazing results.

YES! A new study published in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition by Harvard’s David Ludwig found out that sugar can indeed be quite addictive. This randomized, blinded, crossover study took on the difficult job of proving the biology of sugar addiction. Their findings showed that foods with a high sugar or high glycemic index, triggered a special region of the brain to release dopamine, the “feel good” neurotransmitter. The amount, the speed, and the intensity of the release of dopamine triggers how addictive a substance or activity is. This area of the brain commonly referred to as the “pleasure center”, is the same area that triggers other addictions such as drugs, gambling, sex and even shopping.
What the researchers found was that the body responds differently shadow fight 2 hack cheat online to different calories even if the protein, fat shadow fight 2 cheats hack and carbs are exactly the same and foods that spike blood sugar are biologically addictive.
What does this mean for you and I? That this is not an imaginary thing – it’s associated with actual physiological changes in the brain. That is why we have such difficulty getting it out of our systems. Why we don’t even want to try. Our brain says that we need it and we can’t live without it! In fact some animal studies show that sugar is 8 times more addictive than cocaine.
Don’t think that you are not addicted because you do not eat a lot of sweets. The problem is that it’s not just the sugary sweets that raise our blood sugar. Sugar is hidden in almost everything we eat that is processed, bread catsup, spaghetti sauce…there are over 600,000 processed foods in the marketplace and 80% of them have added sugar. Consider this: one serving of Prego tomato sauce has more sugar than a serving of Oreo cookies! Sugar is used consistently by the food industry to make bad ingredients taste good. In fact, our consumption has gone from 10 pounds per person in 1800, to 140 pounds per person today.
It’s no wonder that up to 70% of us, including 40% of children, have such a problem cutting sugar, flour and processed foods out of our diet!
So what can we do if we want to decrease our sugar consumption?
1. Check package labels for hidden sugars (agave nectar, brown rice syrup, high-fructose corn syrup, dextrose, evaporated cane juice, glucose, lactose, malt syrup, molasses, sucrose).
2. Avoid foods that list sugar in the first few ingredients or have more than 4 total grams of sugar.
3. Avoid fake sugar. Artificial sweeteners do not decrease your desire for sugar. In fact they may actually leave you craving sugar more.
4. Add more fiber to your diet. It helps you to feel full, it gives you more energy because it is broken down in your system slower than simple carbohydrates/sugars and you won’t get that hunger crash later.
5. Drink water. Drinking a glass of water when you have that craving can help curb that feeling for awhile.
6. Eat more protein. Protein breaks down slower in our nba live mobile hack ios systems so we experience less highs and lows in blood sugar levels and may decrease cravings.
7. Exercise. It won’t cure your addiction but it could help the way you eat and people who exercise report that they feel better and make healthier food choices.
8. Eat fresh fruits and vegetable and avoid processed foods as much as possible.
9. Avoid alcohol. Alcohol has a lot of sugar in it.
10. Eliminate sugary foods and high carbohydrate snack foods from your home.
It’s not going to be easy, but the more you eliminate sugar from your diet, the less often you will crave it. You will find that you have more control over your cravings and will feel better too.
This article was originally published at

Narcissists are not prone wwe supercard hack online tool to “irresistible impulses” and dissociation (blanking out certain stressful events and actions). They more or less fully control their behavior and acts at all times. But exerting control over one’s conduct requires the investment of resources, both mental and physical. Narcissists regard this as a waste of their precious time, or a humiliating chore. Lacking empathy, they don’t care about other people’s feelings, needs, priorities, wishes, preferences, and boundaries. As a result, narcissists are awkward, tactless, painful, taciturn, abrasive and insensitive.

The narcissist suffers from uncontrollable rage and grandiose fantasies. Most narcissists are also mildly obsessive-compulsive. Yet, shadow fight 2 cheats hack all narcissists should be held accountable to the vast and overwhelming majority of their actions.

At all times, even during the worst explosive episode, the narcissist can tell right from wrong and reign in their impulses. The narcissist’s impulse control is unimpaired, though he may pretend otherwise in order to terrorize, manipulate and coerce his human environment into compliance.

True, the narcissist cannot “control” his grandiose fantasies. All the same, he knows that lying and confabulating are morally wrong and can choose to refrain from doing so.

The narcissist is perfectly capable of anticipating the consequences of his actions and their influence on others. Actually, narcissists are “X-ray” machines: they are very perceptive and sensitive to the subtlest nuances.But the narcissist does moviestarplanet hack cheats not care. For him, humans are dispensable, rechargeable, reusable. They are there to fulfill a function: to supply him with Narcissistic Supply (adoration, admiration, approval, affirmation, etc.) They do not have an existence apart from carrying out their “duties”.

Still, it is far from a clear-cut case.

Some scholars note, correctly, that many narcissists have no criminal intent (“mens rea”) even when they commit criminal acts (“acti rei”). The narcissist may victimise, plunder, intimidate and abuse others – but not in the cold, calculating manner of the psychopath. The narcissist hurts people offhandedly, carelessly, and absentmindedly. The narcissist is more like a force of nature or a beast of prey – dangerous but not purposeful or evil.

Moreover, many narcissists don’t feel responsible for their actions. They believe that they are victims of injustice, bias, prejudice, and discrimination. This is because they are shape-shifters and actors. The narcissist is not one person – but two. The True Self is as good as dead and buried. The False Self changes so often in reaction to life’s circumstances that the narcissist has no sense of personal continuity.

From my book “Malignant Self Love – Narcissism Revisited”:

“The narcissist’s perception of his life and his existence is discontinuous. The narcissist is a walking compilation of “personalities”, each with its own personal history. The narcissist does not feel that he is, in any way, related to his former “selves”. He, therefore, does not understand why he has to be punished for “someone else’s” actions or inaction. This “injustice” surprises, hurts, and enrages him.”

“Examining a critical and analytical approach of the sources, it is almost possible to clarify that the fortress of Alamut was situated in rocky and infertile region, and its physical condition during occupation was very much rough and coarse. It was embosomed with swamps and muddy tracts, accounting unhealthy atmosphere. Hasan bin Sabbah immediately embarked on the task of renovating the castle, which was in great need of repairs, improving its fortifications, storage facilities and water supply sources. He also improved and extended the system of irrigation and cultivation of crops in the Alamut, where many trees were planted. Thus, a fertile spot emerged out, tending an eye-catching scene in the barren ranges of Elburz mountain. The fertile tracts of the valley radically began to appear as if an oasis in the desert.

Whenever, the Alamut was threatened, the enemies had to come from Ispahan to Rudhbar after passing through the tedious and barren regions, and pitched their camps at the pastures of Alamut. While retreating, the frustrated forces took their revenge by mutilating and cutting down the luxuriant crops and devastated the smiling fields in order to quench the thirst of hatred and passion. Their temper was also crystallized into romantic stories. Firstly, it was rumoured that the valley of Alamut had been transformed into the gardens of paradise, but it proved an ineffectual among the local people. Instead, the enemies contrived another florid story that so-called paradise existed inside the fortress. Since it was difficult to ascertain the story by the local people, it received a less credence in some quarters, whose bits and shreds were sorted out by the later writers to embellish a tale in exaggeration. Thus, the failure to eliminate the Ismailis, begot in its turn the idea of myths and tales. Round a trifling thing has thus grown up a crop of fables, making it a curious hodgepodge. According to Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics (London, 1958, 2:140), “Hasan bin Sabbah caused the land surrounding his fortress to be carefully cultivated, and this may have led to the legend of paradise.” It was the Venetian traveller Marco Polo (1254-1324) to have heard from the villagers and narrated in his book. He was accompanied by his father and uncle and embarked on his journey to the court of Kubilai Khan (1260-1294). Macro Polo started from Acre in 1271, and passed through Iran in 1272, about 15 years after the reduction of Alamut when it was almost a heap of ruins. He committed his itinerary to writing through a scribe in 1298 www.gta5hackcheats.top/gta5hack/ and related what he had heard in Iran concerning the tale of paradise in Alamut. His ridiculous account however cannot be credible. It is inferred that he would have never crossed near the ruins of Alamut, and the description of the castle in Marco Polo’s book was either the stronghold of Girdkuh near Damghan, which was finally surrendered to the Mongols in 1270, about two years before he crossed Khorasan into northern Afghanistan; or, more probably, some fortress in eastern Kohistan. There he evidently had seen a ruined castle of the Ismailis. His itinerary however did not take him to Alamut, which appears to be the castle alluded to in his account. He had heard from some local informants, which he admits in the beginning, and therefore, his account is admittedly not based on personal observation. It also cannot be denied that Marco Polo’s account bears a distinctly occidental imprint, reflecting the influences of different reports, which are ultimately traceable to Burchard of Strassburg, Arnold of Lubeck and James of Vitry. It is therefore possible that Marco Polo had knowingly conflated the information he had acquired some 30 years earlier in Iran, with the legends then prevalent in Europe for the Ismailis of Syria. All this sounds to the conclusion that Marco Polo could not have heard his account in its entirety from his informants in Iran.

Marco Polo applied the term Ashishin (or Assassin) for the Ismailis. It has been asserted that the term Assassin had originally acquired currency in Crusader circles in reference to the Ismailis of Syria, and it was neither originated or prevalent in Iran, and therefore, Marco Polo could not have heard the term Assassins from his informants in Iran. His curious application of the title of Old Man of the Mountain (Vetus de Mountain, or Viel de la Montaigne) to the ruler of Alamut; also suggests a doubtful description. This title has been coined by the Crusaders for the chief of the Ismailis of Syria, and it was never in usage among the Ismailis of Iran. It is therefore, safe to infer that Marco Polo would have never heard the title of Old Man of the Mountain in Iran, but he used in the light of the then informations prevalent in Europe for the Syrian Ismailis. It will be interesting on this juncture to quote the description of Marco Polo about the secret garden of paradise. He narrates:-

“So he had fashioned it after the description that Mahomet gave of his paradise, to wit, that it should be a beautiful garden running with conduits of wine and milk and honey and water, and full of lovely women for the delectation of all its inmates. He kept at his court a number of the youths of the country, from 12 to 20 years of age, such as had a taste for soldiering, and to these he used to tell tales about paradise, just as Mahomet had be wont to do, and they believed in him just as the Saracens believe in Mahomet.. The prince would then ask whence he came, and he would reply that he came from paradise! and that it was exactly such as Mahomet had described it in the law.”

It is important to note that it was the tendency of the occidental sources to propagate that the Koran was not a heavenly revealed book, but it was designed by the Prophet, and whatever the misconception of Islam was popular in Europe at that time, is evidently echoing in the narration of Marco Polo. It gives further gravity to the conclusion that Marco Polo could not have heard such tendency from his Iranian informants. Peter de Venerable (1094-1156) had the Holy Koran translated for the first time from Arabic into Latin. Peter de Cluny (d. 551/1156) and Robert of Ketton also produced the Latin translation of the Koran in 538/1143, and it was followed by the translation of Mark of Toledo (1190-1200) under the title of Alcorani Machomati Liber. Joinville and Pedro de Alfonso and other followed them in the 12th century, had dwelled polemically on the hedonistic delights of the Islamic garden of paradise. Pedro de Alfonso’s account became much popular, and was treated, according to Islam and the West (Edinburgh, 1960, p. 148) by Norman Daniel, “the standard mediaeval version of the Quran’s promised paradise, that is, a garden of delights, the flowing waters, the mild air in which neither heat nor cold could afflict, the shady trees, the fruits, the many-coloured silken clothing and the palaces of precious stones and metals, the milk and wine served in gold and silver vessels by angels, saying, `eat and drink in joy’; and beautiful virgins, `untouched by men or demons’.” Norman Daniel also adds, “In spite of the enormous influence of the “Liber Scalae”, it must be said that the Quran itself was the chief source of the picture of the Islamic paradise familiar to so many mediaeval writers.” (Ibid.)

The most famous writers in Europe who produced a colourful tale of the Islamic garden of paradise were Pedro de Alfonso, San Pedro, Marino Sanudo, Varagine, Higden, Simon Simeon, Ricoldo da Monte Croce, William of Tripoli, John Mandeville, Jacques de Vitry, Alan of Lille, Sigebert, Guido, etc. In time, the European conceptions of the Islamic paradise, based on the Koranic description in a literal sense, were incorporated into the alleged paradise of Alamut, culminating in Marco Polo’s detailed account to this effect. Norman Daniel further writes, “It must be said that it was usual for Christians to allow themselves a rather purple rendering of the gardens and precious metals of paradise, though usually not of the virgins so beloved of later romanticism.” (Ibid.)

Thus, Marco Polo enhanced a further lease of life to the anti-Ismaili propaganda in Europe. Later on, the account of Friar Odoric of Pordenous (d. 731/1331), who visited China during 1323-27, is perhaps the earliest occidental account of the Ismailis, based entirely on Marco Polo, on his homeland journey to Italy in 1328. Odoric passed through the Caspian coast land in northern Iran, and heard there about the Ismailis, but his description almost resembles the account of Marco Polo. Charles E. Nowell writes in The Old Man of the Mountain (cf. Speculum, Mass., October, 1947, 12:517-8) that, “It is easy to understand how some parts of the Marco-Odoric legend were started. Various eastern historians say that the original Old Man, Hasan Sabbah, for purely economic and strategic reasons, had conduits built and encouraged planting around Alamut. This gave rise to the stories of the garden and the fountains of wine, milk and honey.”

Mirza Muhammad Saeed Dehlvi writes in Mazhab aur Batini Talim (Lahore, 1935, pp.296-7) that, “Whenever, the villagers looked the view of the beautiful gardens, green fields and heaths from the surrounding walls of Alamut, they thought it a model of a paradise of the Nizari Ismailis on the ranges of mountain. It is possible that the legend of paradise must have been originated by the illiterate and narrow-minded villagers from whom Marco gta 5 cheats tool Polo had heard and recorded it during his journey.”

It is also a striking feature that not a single Muslim source, notably Ata Malik Juvaini had ever mentioned about the legend of paradise, who was very aggressive in his narratives and was in search of such stories against the Ismailis. Marshall Hodgson writes in The Order of the Assassins (Netherland, 1955, p.135) that, “Juvaini, when investigating the history of Alamut on the spot after its fall did not look for such a garden as Polo heard tell of.”

The modern scholars express great doubts as to the historicity of the stories of paradise narrated by Marco Polo. Carl Brockelmann writes in History of the Islamic Peoples (London, 1959, p. 179) that, “What the Venetian world traveller Marco Polo reported, who some two hundred years later (1271 or 1272) passed through the territory of Alamut, may be mere a legend.” Dr. Abbas Hamadani writes in The Fatimids (Karachi 1962, pp. 50-51) that, “A myth was circulated in much later times to the effect that Hasan used to give hashish, an intoxicating drug, to his followers, and in their state of unconsciousness they were transferred to a false paradise. The legend of paradise was circulated by the European traveller Marco Polo, and it is obviously false.” Athar Abbas Rizvi writes in Iran – Royalty, Religion and Revolution (Canberra, 1980, p. 72) that, “The romantic stories of the order of assassins and of the Old Man of the Mountain are familiar to Western readers through the pages of Marco Polo, but the legends surrounding events in Alamut, although fascinating, are far from truth.” According to The Arabs (by the editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica, New York, 1978, p. 94) that, “Stories of the terrorists’ use of hashish before setting out to commit murder and face martyrdom are doubtful, and there is no Ismaili source to confirm tales of an artificial paradise into which drugged members were taken as a foretaste of eternal bliss.” Duncan Forbes also writes in The Heart of Iran (London, 1963, p. 29) that, “It is difficult to believe that the Alamut valley, austere and rocky as it is today, ever contained the delicate gardens described in the Middle Ages.” Lastly, in falsifying the tale of paradise, William Marsdon writes in The Travels of Marco Polo (London, 1818, p. 117) that, “We may affect to smile at his (Macro Polo’s) credulity.”

It must be borne in mind that a less informed Ismaili historian, called Dehkhoda Abdul Malik bin Ali, who was appointed the commander of the fortress, later on became known as the Maimundiz in Rabi I, 520/April, 1126; gives few important details under the year 536/1142, as cited by Rashiduddin’s Jamiut Tawarikh (Tehran, 1959, pp. 149-163), and Abul Kassim Kashani’s Zubdat al-Tawarikh (1964, pp. 171-4) that the Khurramiya, a sect of the Kaysania, had greatly borrowed the teachings of the Mazdakites and Zoroastrians. To sum up, by Khurramiya means the whole wide movement which operated through out Iran, with a possible focus in Azerbaijan and Tabaristan. The very meaning of Khurramiya appears uncertain to the authors dealing with it. It is usually related to the meaning of the Iranian term khurram (joyful, delightful or pleasing), so as to stigmatize the movement lords mobile hacks as “licentious” and justify its dependence on Mazdakism, which was considered as too tolerant from the point of view of ethics. This dependence, however, was occasionally related to Mazdak’s wife, Khurrama, held to have given her name to Mazdak’s followers after his death. There is also a geographical explanation of the name from a village, called khurram, which is the least likely interpretation.

It appears that most of the followers of Khurramiya espoused Ismailism in Jabal al-Badain at Azerbaijan, and asserted that: “this is the true faith, we accept it.” Hasan bin Sabbah deputed Dehkhoda Kaykhosrow, who had formerly belonged to them; to teach them the true Ismaili doctrines. When the latter died in Muharram, 513/May, 1119, his sons Abul Ala and Yousuf took his place as their da’is. Both were greedy of wealth and power, and in pursuit, they neglected their newly faith of Ismailism. Hasan bin Sabbah exhorted and warned them, but to no avail. After Hasan bin Sabbah’s death in 518/1124, a weaver named Budayl arose among them, and renounced Ismaili faith. He taught his followers that: “The law of the Shariah is only for those adhering to the exterior of religion. There is no reality to what is declared lawful or forbidden in religion. Prayers and fasting must therefore be abandoned.” Curiously, Budayl also taught them that: “Women were the water of the house. Dowry and marriage contract had no meaning. Daughters were lawful for their fathers and brothers.” Hence, they thought all forbidden things licit, and believed that the paradise and hell were on earth and that every one who recognizes the divinity of Abul Ala and Yousuf would return to earth in human shape, while those failing to do so would return in the form of wild beasts. In sum, these were the people whose doctrines consisted in rolling up the carpet of obligations of the Shariah, so as to render men free to follow all their pleasures and passions in permitting freedom of sexual relations and declaring as permitted all sorts of things prohibited by the religious laws.

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